Spinal Tuberculosis (TB): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Introduction
Spinal Tuberculosis, also known as Pott’s Disease, is a serious condition where tuberculosis (TB) bacteria infect the spine. It is one of the most severe forms of bone tuberculosis, which can lead to spinal deformity, nerve damage, and even paralysis if left untreated.
Many people ignore the early symptoms of spinal TB, leading to complications. In this blog, we will discuss its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options to help raise awareness and encourage timely medical intervention.
What Causes Spinal TB?
Spinal tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which primarily affects the lungs. However, in some cases, the infection spreads to the bones and spine through the bloodstream.
Some factors that increase the risk of spinal TB include:
Weak immune system (due to HIV, diabetes, or malnutrition)
Previous history of tuberculosis
Poor hygiene and living conditions
Lack of proper TB treatment
Exposure to a TB-infected person
Symptoms of Spinal TB
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately:
Persistent Back Pain
Continuous pain in the lower or upper back that does not improve with rest.
The pain may increase over time and become more severe.
Swelling in the Spine
Inflammation and stiffness in the spinal region, making it difficult to move.
Some people develop a visible lump on the back.
Weakness or Numbness
Feeling weakness, tingling, or numbness in the legs or arms.
Difficulty walking or standing for long periods.
Unexplained Weight Loss & Fatigue
Sudden weight loss without any specific reason.
Constant tiredness and weakness, even with proper rest.
Mild Fever & Night Sweats
Low-grade fever, chills, and night sweats are common signs of TB infection.
Complications of Untreated Spinal TB
If left untreated, spinal TB can cause serious complications, such as:
Severe spinal deformity (hunchback or kyphosis)
Paralysis due to spinal cord compression
Permanent nerve damage
Loss of bladder or bowel control
Diagnosis of Spinal TB
To confirm spinal tuberculosis, doctors may recommend the following tests:
Physical Examination – Checking for pain, swelling, and movement restrictions.
X-ray & MRI Scan – Detecting spinal damage and inflammation.
Blood Tests & TB Skin Test – Identifying TB infection in the body.
Biopsy (Tissue Sample) – Confirming TB bacteria in the affected spinal region.
Treatment Options for Spinal TB
Timely treatment is crucial to prevent complications. The treatment usually involves:
Anti-TB Medications (ATT – Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy)
6 to 12 months of TB medications, including Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide.
Regular follow-up with the doctor is essential to monitor progress.
Pain Management & Physiotherapy
Painkillers & muscle relaxants for reducing discomfort.
Physiotherapy exercises to strengthen the spine and improve mobility.
Surgery (If Needed)
Surgery is required in severe cases to remove damaged spinal tissue, correct deformities, or relieve spinal cord pressure.
How to Prevent Spinal TB?
Get Vaccinated: The BCG vaccine helps protect against TB.
Maintain Hygiene: Avoid crowded and unhygienic living conditions.
Eat a Healthy Diet: A nutritious diet boosts immunity and prevents infections.
Complete TB Treatment: If diagnosed with TB, complete the full course of medication.
Regular Health Checkups: Early detection can prevent serious complications.
Conclusion
Spinal Tuberculosis is a serious yet treatable condition. Ignoring back pain, swelling, and weakness can lead to permanent disability. If you or someone you know is experiencing spinal TB symptoms, consult a specialist immediately.
At Hind Spine Clinic, expert doctors provide safe and effective treatments for spinal TB. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can help you recover and prevent complications.
